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A literal translation of "Duḥkha" is suffering instability. It is universally translated into English as "suffering" and I added in my article the further explanation that the Buddhist concept is suffering because of change. For a general audience, "change" is a more accessible concept and easier to relate than "instability."

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Douglas Giles, PhD
Douglas Giles, PhD

Written by Douglas Giles, PhD

Philosopher by trade & temperament, professor for 21 years, bringing philosophy out of its ivory tower and into everyday life. https://dgilesauthor.com/

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